ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ

ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ (ⵙ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ: 中国 ⵜⵛⵓⵏⴳⵡⴰ; ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⴹⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 1.338 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵍⵢⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ. ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵢⵉⴼⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ ⴰⵛⵓⵢⵓⵄⵉ ⴰⵛⵏⵡⵉⵢ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵡⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ. ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵖⴼ ⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 222 ⵏ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵖⵓⵔ ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ ⴰⵏⵉⵎⴰⵏ, ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⵖⵉⵡⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ (ⴱⵉⴽⵉⵏ ⵜⵢⴰⵏⵊⵉⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵛⴰⵏⴳⵀⴰⵢ ⵜⵛⵓⵏⴳⵜⵛⵉⵏⴳ, ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵉⴽⵉⵏ.

ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵖⴼ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ 9.6 ⵏ ⵉⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵉⵍⵓⵎⵉⵜⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴽⴽⵓⵥⵏ. ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵖ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵣⴰⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵣⵔⵓⴼⵉⵏ (ⵊⵓⴱⵉ ⵜⵍⴰⵎⴽⴰⵏ) ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵙⵉⴱⵉⵔⵢⴰ ⴷⴳ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ ⵉⴼⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⵥⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⴼⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵍⴰⵡⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵔⵎⴰ. ⴷ ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵢⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵜⴰⵔⴰⵎ , ⵉⵡⴹⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⴰⵔ ⴰⵀⵏⴷ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ.

ⵜⴰⵖⵔⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵜⵛⵔⵛⵓⵔⵏ ⵖⴼ ⵓⵣⴰⵖⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ. ⵙⴳ ⵡⵓⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 6,0000 ⵉⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵢⴰ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵓⵏⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵏⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵏ (ⵢⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵙ ⵢⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵉⵏ). ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵛⵢⴰ (ⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ 2000 ⴷ.ⵜ) ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 221 ⴷ.ⵜ. ⵜⴽⵎⵎⵍ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ (ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⵛⵓⵍⵜ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⴳ) ⴷⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1911 , ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵙⴳ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵎⵉⵜⵢⴰⵏⴳ ⴳ ⵓⴽⴰⴱⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉ. ⵢⵥⵕⵉ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⴰⵟⵟⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵍⵓⵣⵣⵓ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⴰⵏ ⵉⴳⵯⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⴱⴹⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵖⵔ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⴷⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⵏⵉ ⴽⵓⵎⵢⴰⵜⴰⵏⴳ ⴷ ⵉⵛⵓⵢⵓⵄⵉⵢⵏ. ⵜⵢⴽⵎⵎⵍ ⵓⵎⵏⵏⵓⵖ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⴰⵙ 1949 ⴰⵙⵎⵉ ⵏⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵛⵓⵢⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴳⵯⵏⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵙⵙⴷⵓⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵕⵕⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ.

Ccinwa

Ccinwa d tamurt tameqrant ay d-yezgan deg wegmuḍ (ccerq) n Asya. Tajumma-nnes 9.640.821 km2 (yikilumitren imkuẓen). Zedɣen-tt 1.336.718.015 n yimezdaɣen (Icinwaten). D nettat ay d tamurt yesɛan aṭas akk n yimezdaɣen deg umaḍal.

Aselway: Xi Jinping Aneɣlaf Amezwaru: Li Keqiang

Tamurt-a d nettat ay d tis kraḍ (3) deg umaḍal seg yidis n wakal (sdeffir Rrus ed Kanada), yerna 40% seg wakal-nnes ɛlay ugar n 2000 n lmitrat. Idraren iɛlayanen akk deg umaḍal (Himalaya) zgan-d ɣef tlisa n Ccinwa akked Lhend ed Nepal. Ccinwa tesɛa daɣen yiwen seg yineẓrufen (ṣṣḥari) imeqranen akk deg umaḍal, aneẓruf n Gubi, am wakken ay tesɛa ugar n 5000 n yisafen. Tamurt-a tesɛa tallit aydeg d-yekkat aṭas ugeffur (d tallit n tmusunt, deg unebdu), maca igefran-a ttgen, tiikkal, ixeṣṣaren d imeqranen.

Ccinwa tesɛa agdud ameqran akk deg umaḍal: ugar n 20% seg yimezdaɣen n umaḍal d Icinwaten. Maca amur ameqran seg yimezdaɣen n Ccinwa ddren deg tama tagmuḍant (tacerqit) n tmurt. Ugar n 61% n Yicinwaten ddren deg ugama (beṛṛa i temdinin). Ihanen d nitni ay d tadersi (miniroté) tameqrant akk deg Ccinwa (ugar n 90% n yimezdaɣen), yerna d tantala-nsen (dialecte) ay ssawalen Yicinwaten akken ad msefhamen gar-asen.

Deg 1992, Ccinwa tekcem tadamsa n wulzuz (économie de marché): ula ma medden ttalasen ad sɛun tiṛmisin (tikebbaniyin) i yiman-nsen, maca anabaḍ mazal yeṭṭef ṛṛay ameqran deg temsal n tdamsa. Ccinwa d nettat ay d tanfarast (productrice) tameqrant akk deg umaḍal deg wayen yerzan imendi (céréales) am ṛṛuz, irden ed wekbal.